Gender and Equality Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gender and Equality - Thesis ExampleGender, equality and dis akinity all over the world vary immensely, and in various continents, the manner in which women are treated varies as a result of differences in culture. For instance, women residing in the Middle East are in most cases belittled by their spouses as swell up as the society because of traditional ideologies (Kelly & Breslin, 2010). On the other hand, the women in the western societies go through a different form of inequality whereby they can only access particular forms of employment, ways of living, wages as well as qualities that are similar to those enjoyed by men. Regardless of the fact that these inequalities are not supposed be inequalities as they are considered as gender aspects from a natural biological point of view in a practical manner, utilitarianism can be perceived as a form of discrimination regarding the biological difference that are evident. For instance, in the west, people of the female gender are not usually regarded as being good candidates for being employed at construction sites and other places that may be hazardous or might need the use of physical strength.In spite of the decades dedicated to feminist advances, illimitable inequalities against women have not been dealt with and are still in existence. The most notable is the number of women who are in corporate leadership as well as those in political leadership, which is comparatively low. Additionally, women are still entitled to low wages with this aspect being associated with fewer years of experience on the similar jobs to those being done by men as a result of pregnancy and raising children. There are also very limited opportunities for women in professional sports and numerous other areas that need some level of physical strength, as well as in the cases where there is an aspect of isolation or danger. Society also makes the women feel less safe than the men and they

South Korean Government vs. US Government Research Paper

conspiracy Korean Government vs. US Government - Research Paper useThe South Korean governance and the U.S. government differ in preconditions of its basic structure, the branches of the government, electoral system, and political parties however, they are similar in terms of subversion allegations and violations of human rights and that the solution to these is an independent judiciary and a rigid constitution. Review of Literature First Argument Differences The South Korean and the linked States governments differ in terms of their basic structure, as well as in the branches of the government, especially in the legislative and executive branches. Moreover, both governments follow different electoral systems and political parties. Basic Structure. The South Korean government is presidential in nature except for the cabinet, which is partly parliamentary in carrying out its tasks. Moreover, the South Korean government is a central government that oversees all affairs of the nat ion and declares everything and all the laws are uniform throughout the country. The United States government, on the other hand, is based on the principle of federalism, where power is shared between federal and state governments. This is also a system where the autonomy of every State is recognized by the people. for each one state, however, submits to the U.S. Constitution and to federal law when there is a dispute. Legislative Branch. The South Korean legislative body is known as the National Assembly of South Korea. It has 299 members who represent the four political parties of South Korea. The South Korean National Assembly formulates laws and does many things that any other legislative body of any popular government would usually do, such as regulate the armed forces and make decisions regarding the national budget proposed by the executive branch (Savada & Shaw, 1990). On the other hand, the legislative body of the United States government is known as the Congress, which re presents mostly two political parties the Democratic and the Republican parties, as well as Independent members. The United States Congress is made up of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Congress is authorized to create laws, levy and collect taxes, issue patents, declare war and support the military, regulate military forces, create federal courts, establish infrastructures, and to regulate money. The United States Congress is made up of 435 members of the House of Representatives, representing every congressional district, each member serving two-year terms, and without any limit as to the number of terms its members may serve. The other component, the Senate, is made up of 100 members, two from each state, each serving six-year terms, without term limits. The role of the Senate is to approve Presidential appointments and to jointly approve bills with the Congress (Wilson & Dilulio, 2011). Executive Branch. The head of the South Korean executive branch is a presi dent that is at once elected through national elections. The President serves only one five-term year. The President is also the head of state and government as well as the commander-in-chief of the military. fairish like many presidents of democratic countries, the South Korean President can declare a state of martial law, a state of emergency, or a state of war. He can also propose laws

Ethnography report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Ethnography report - Essay ExampleThe first challenge that I had to face in order to complete my task was to find oneself the appropriate location where I could conduct my research. It had to be the kind of place where I could get in touch with people from different ethnicities in a setting that they are used to, a place they frequented most. Attending Queens College has been greatly helpful in my quest, as it had all that I wanted. Here, I chose the world(prenominal) Community Students Club, recognized for the Students Exchange Programs it conducts. I wanted to study its purpose and the kind of support it provides for its members. Since I am an immigrant myself, I was comfortable with the idea of researching a club that dealt with international students, and it gave me an opportunity to get as close as I can to people with different cultures, in a setting that I desired. Before I go any further, I would like to share my personal perceptions about clubs. Clubs, societies and suppor t groups are a great way for like-minded people to come together in order to pursue a common goal. The whole idea of doing something you like with many others who share the same feelings is rattling appealing. As Klein puts it, What better way to stay connected, active and focused than to unwind with peers who enjoy fun and common interests? The club I chose for my report is unique, in a way different to most other clubs. It is truly a melting pot of sorts, representing different countries, philosophies, customs, cultures and much more, where people simply bond with and support distributively another. They have a lot in common, starting from the fact that they are all strangers in a new country. It is my personal belief that exchange students and children of immigrants get hold of harder than the native students do, in order to achieve even more. They are more self-driven, determined to achieve goal(s) set and expected by their peers, and desire to make everyone in their native c ountry proud. They wish to please everyone in their community, their parents and relatives. These students try to be exceptional in academics and have a commitment towards fulfilling the obligations they have towards others and themselves. Their financial backgrounds in addition play a pivotal role in shaping their behavior and objectives. The high cost of living and studying in foreign countries often molds the mentality and lifestyle of students and their parents. For immigrant students, financial hardships can be laborious and stressful in all aspects of their lives, and they turn towards loans, scholarships and sponsors. A number of students have merely toned beat spending habits that had been fed by boom times back home (Archibold). This has put these students in a precarious predicament. This, to a great extent, explains the urge that of all time lurks in their minds to achieve their goals. My earlier experience with another students club (the Caribbean Student Club) had be en a very beneficial one. I bonded with others with whom it was easier for me to relate to. The pattern that we are all in this together gave me a certain comfort. Each club has a purpose, and serves a special function for the welfare of its members at large. My attack is to find out if this is a reasonable statement and if the Queens College International Community Students Club is true to its value. Commentary 1 The reason for the existence of a club is to provide a connection, making a network of people with similar motives. The purpose of this excerpt is to explain just that. Soon after a class discussion at noon, on Thursday, March 24 (1225 pm to be precise), I headed over to the office of the

Friction and the Variables of Friction Using a Wooden Block Essay Example for Free

Friction and the Variables of Friction Using a Wooden Block auditionI am going to perform an essay on skirmish and the variables of clangor using a wooden regular hexahedron, a piece of string and a Newton meter. I volition quiz 3 variables weight, surface area and surface texture. severally test will be repeated 5 mea trustworthy to get a fair range of results.Friction is the force of two objects rubbing together and slowing and/or stopping each other. The amount of friction produced depends on the appearance of its surface for exampleThe surface of the sandpaper has deep slopes and the surface of the paper has to move up and down those slopes to proceed, causing friction. My first test will be done to mea legitimate the affect of weight on the amount of friction between the block and the table top.The block ill be placed on the table and the Newton meter tied to it. Then the Newton meter will be drawed until the block starts to move and as shortly as it does the amou nt of Newtons demand to cause that movement will be recorded. This will be done 5 times then averaged.To make sure it is a fair test I will use the same Newton meter and the same wooden block to avoid introducing other variables I will also use the same section of table using the same grimace of the block every time. I will be nimble of how I pull the Newton meter, the moving force should be match to the supporting surface because move it up will lessen friction and pulling it down will increase friction.I predict that as the weight on the block increases so therefore does the down force, increasing the amount of friction because it becomes much difficult for the ridges to pass over each and so a block with less/smoother ridges would find its passage a lot easier.When the test was carried out, as I predicted, when the weight on the block increased so therefore did the Newtons required to move it from a fixed position. The test was done with 2 Newton meters over 2 days. Using the same Newton meter was impossible as it broke. My results were as follows Weight of block = 2.0NWeightT1(N)T2(N)T3(N)T4(N)T5(N)Average(N)Block1.20.81111Block + 1N1.61.51.51.821.7Block + 2N1.81.82.52.42.52.2Block + 3N2.2233.23.32.7Block + 4N2.62.63.83.53.53.2Block + 5N2.83.543.53.63.5In the first experiment weight was tested and a set of results produced. In this second experiment the surface area in contact with the desk will be tested.To obtain my results I will use the following method, the block will be placed on two sheets of paper a measured distance apart with a Newton meter tied to it. The block will then be pulled and as it begins to move the amount of Newtons required to cause this will be recorded. Each test will be done 5 times then averaged.To make sure it is a fair test I will as the same Newton meter ensuring non-introduction of new variables, use the same side of the block, use the same two pieces of paper and make sure the blocks movement is parallel to the suppor ting surface.I predict that as the surface area of the block exposed to the desk increases so will the amount of Newtons required to move it because there will be much sharper ridges to pass over therefore requiring more Newtons. My results were as followsExp mm2T(n)T2(n)T3(n)T4(n)T5(n)Avg(N)11.30.50.91.11.20.70.8822.60.60.61.10.70.60.92.7233.91.21.11.11.10.91.0845.21.11.11.10.91.11.0656.51.110.90.70.60.8668.11.11.10.91.10.60.96My prediction on 1 or 2 of the results was moderate or partially correct but on the whole I fear my prediction was incorrect as it seems the surface area (exposed to the desk) does not greatly affect the amount of Newtons that is required to move it, every affect it does have is not continual and seemingly erratic.The friction experiment has now been done with 2 variables weight and surface area. I have now come to the third and final, surface texture.To test the affect of surface texture on friction, I will, nursing home the block on the surface with a Ne wton meter tied to it, the meter will then be pulled and as soon as the block shows signs of movement I will record the amount of Newtons needed. Each test will be done 5 times then averaged.To make sure it is a fair test I will unless it breaks use the same Newton meter, I will use the same block and the same side of the block every time, I will use the same join/type of substance for instance making sure the sandpaper comes from the same sheet. I will also keep the movement of the block parallel to the supporting surface.Although smoothness is hard to measure I predict that the smoother a substance is to the touch, the less friction will be produced, because the smoother a substance is to the touch the less sharp or outstanding the ridges are, therefore the less vindication they cause.KeySubstancesSilicon based carbon paper SiEmery paper BsSand paper STable top TT plastic Bag PbSubstanceT1(N)T2(N)T3(N)T4(N)T5(N)AverageSi32.52.52.52.52.6Bs21.51.51.61.61.64S221.75221.95TT110.90.90 .90.94Pb0.40.40.40.40.40.4As I predicted the smoother a substance feels to be, the less it causes resistance, as shown in the results. I followed my method very strictly any variation caused by my hand is small to negligible, and would not greatly affect the results. I have come to the conclusion that for a substance to reach minimal resistance it can achieve this being light weight, smoothly textured and have minimal contacting surface area with the opposing surface. If a substance is required to have maximum resistance it would be the opposite.I feel the experiment was performed rather well but there is room for improvement, to have maybe got fairer more accurate results I could have maybe repeated the experiment once or twice on all of them, then I would have more data to analyse giving me a better chance at accuracy. In all the three experiments instead of using the human hand to pull the Newton meter use a machine which would be less prone to inconsistency and use a table top f ree of blemishes. In the second experiment the block could have been placed on previously constructed platforms each measured to have 4 sides the same and those sides to be the measurements used content the non need of paper and a lot more accurate readings.

Advertisements That Make Women Look Bad Essay Example for Free

Advertisements That Make Women Look Bad EssaySome advertising companies do non con the problem with using women to sell their product and wanton money. In advertising today, women are still dismemberedjust parts of them presented to sell a product. Kilbourne says in the impose American obsession with breasts, uplifted derrieres, etc., women forget things like the sensation they lose when they have plastic surgery on their breasts (Kilbourne). Advertisements should make sure they do not portray women in a derogatory manner.The roles of women have dramatically changed over the generations. Women have gone from housekeepers and wives to sexual urge symbols. Placing women on advertisements in hardly any wear draws attention to the product itself, but making women seen vulnerable. Dolce and Gabanna, for example, uses and ad where there is one female wearing a strappy, black ready and some mettlesome heels. Dolce and Gabanna has her lying on her back, while a shirtless man is on top of her, as if he were pinning her down. There are also 3 shirtless men in the scene who are standing around watching. Having an advertisement, such as this one, might work to sell a product because of the impression it places on the consumer. Male viewers would presumethat the only expressive style to get a beautiful woman to be submissive is to wear products of Dolce and Gabanna. Advertisements like these make the woman in the ad provocative therefore, viewers conceive their own opinion about women in general.See moreThe Story of an Hour literary Analysis EssayThere becomes a problem when teenagers and young adults see these women on ads fiting seductive and inviting. Women and young girls alike, start to believe they must dress in this manner because that is what the models are wearing. Women also see ads, such as the one Dolce and Gabanna have published, and they look at the women in the ad that dress tantalizing and getting handsome men, that the female viewers too, th ink they must dress appealing to capture a mans attention. These advertisements are in the long run doing more damage and are corrupting our society.Advertising companies need to produce ads that make everyone look at women as beautiful, smart, and self-sufficient human beings and not a body used just to sell a product. Doing this would help society see that women can be beautiful and classy without having to be a sex symbol. It would help women get a better idea of how to be a lady. Also, the viewers of the ads would understand women are not really inferior to men, and buying a certain product does not make a person admirable. Something should be done about these advertisements. It is only putting bad ideas and morals into the consumers heads about the way they should view women. Society should appreciate women.All in all, bashing women in advertisements should be stopped and talked about by the advertising companies. Ads of this sort should not be affix all over the billboards, subways, Walters 3 televisions, and computers. Women-bashing is an ongoing problem, and it result continue to escalate if we do not open the eyes of the businesses selling the product and the viewers who add together that basing women is a sufficient way to sell a product. The ads are slowly getting out-of-control, and if we do not put our foot down now, nothing will ever be fixed, and advertising companies will continue to look for ways to make women seem less than average.Works CitedDolce and Gabbana Boutique For Men but 10 May 2010. Web. 21 Sept. 2010. http//www.kibitzhomme.com/?tag=dolce-gabbana. Kilbourne, Jean. Summary of Killing Us light 3 Welcome To Journalism Web. 1 Oct. 2010. http//hope.journ.wwu.edu/tpilgrim/j190/Stillkillussoftly3.vidsum.html.Killing Us Softly 3 Advertisings Image of Women Watch Free Documentary Online. Web. 19 Sept. 2010. http//topdocumentaryfilms.com/killing-us-softly-3/.10 Worst Woman-Bashing Ads Business Pundit. Business Pundit Your Daily pane ling of Smart Business Opinion. Web. 19 Sept. 2010. http//www.businesspundit.com/10-worst-woman-bashing-ads/.

An Analysis Of The Extended Mind Philosophy Essay

An Analysis Of The Extended Mind Philosophy Essay Minds standardized ours stop (with come on the pick out for any radically new techniques, technologies, or interventions) extend into the being (Clark, 2010, p. 81). Evaluate this direction with reference to the literature on extended lore.This essay aims to study the extended idea, with let on any need of completely adapting new techniques, technology, or interventions the souls like ours can launch into the founding (Clark, 2010). The focus of the essay will be on internal and away representation of the mind and will evaluate the statement made by Clark (2010) with reference to other literature on extended cognition.Cognitive science believes that the mind has mental representations which are similar to computer information structures and computational procedures analogous and computational algorithms. Cognitive researchers have put forward that the mind holds mental representations as rules, images, logical proposition, and concepts (Dawson 1998). According to Norman (1988, 1993) cognition is viewed as terms of knowledge in the head and knowledge in the creation.According to Clark (2010) one of the most significant current discussions in legal and moral ism is the extended mind, which refers to the concept between the mind and the environment, from the thesis of Clark and Chalmers (1998) active remoteism or Hypothesis of Extended Cognition (HEC).The extended mind commences with the inquiry of where does the mind tip and the rest of the world begin? in respond to the question Clark and Chalmers (1998) present an alternative view with Hypothesis of Extended cognition (HEC). This is to be distinguished from the much traditional externalism meaning from the writing of (Putnam, 1975 Burge, 1986). Clark is asking for people to visualize that individuals could rotate images of geometrical shapes on a computer screen, by the consumption of a uneasy implant in their heads or by using a rotate button in the world. Clark affirmed that the implant perspective is evidently cognitive thence the button perspective is as well, in spite of either if they are carried out in the head or in the world (cited in Clark 2008).For this reason, it can be argued that the mind extends into the world which was Clarks belief in technology, physical objects, chips and CD-ROMs, as external memory stores that individuals can consult as needs dictate crystalise of coupled systems (Clark and Chalmers 1998).According to Dartnall (2007) (Schegloff, 1992, cite Alterman, 2007), Clark and Chalmers (1998) admitted that the processes in the world might be seen as individual, truly mental states-experiences, desires, emotions, beliefs, and so on might be in the mind. N of all judgment of convictiontheless when it is performed in the head, it should in like manner add up as cognitive when it is carried out in the world, Dartnall (2005) affirmed that the mind leaks or loops into the world. Clark and Chalmers (1998) argued that cognitive processes extend into the world when an individual uses pen and paper to solve a problem, using language to work or to solve a problem and the use of computers. Zhang and Norman (1994) arrive at our attention to internal representations as being intrinsic to many cognitive tasks and not vertical input and stimuli to the internal mind. This means that all these researchers thesis lay down a upkeepive competition toward Clark (2010) stating that the human mind can be extended into the world.Clark and Chalmers (1998) made such airs as cognitive states being Parity argument by the things in the environment, in which they identify a number of possible objections to this argument such as the cognitive and the conscious, portability and reliability. They demonstrate dickens untrue characters to support their argument that the mind can extend into the world, using the example of Otto and Inga, who were both interested in art. Inga has a normal functionin g brain, while Otto suffers from Alzheimers disease. They hear virtually an exhibition at different times and places and they both decide to go, Otto consults his notebook, which says that the museum is on 53rd street so he went to 53rd street to the museum. Whereas Inga recalls that the museum is on 53rd street and walks to the exhibition, as a payoff of this case Clark and Chalmers (1998) stated that the notebook plays the same role for Otto that biological memory plays for eachone else. They concluded for this reason that few external objects execute this duty, and that some of our cognitive processes transcend the boundaries of skin and skull (Clark 2008). The HEC has been thoroughly criticized by Adams and Aizawa (2001) defenders of brainbound or organismbound approach to cognition.Clark and Chalmers, (1998) maintain their argument by pointing out to what extreme the mind extended, if somebody hardly ever takes relevant action without consulting their Filofax, for instance, their cognitive system will be like that of the notebook in Ottos. Nevertheless if the individual frequently acted without consulting themselves, for example if the individual sometimes answers important questions with I do not know then the information in it counts less as part of individual belief system. Also if someone is relying on the internet is likely to fail on multiple counts, unless the individual is unusually computer reliant, facile with the technology, and trusting, but information on certain files on the individual computer may qualify (cited in Clark 2008).Dartnall, (2005) who argues for internalism and its epistemological implication that an individual can execute actions mentally that someone could typically carry out in the world. These are naturally achieved on inner analogues of external substance, which means that there is a leakage in both ways such as from world to mind, from mind to world. This parity argument has epistemological inference if the individua l can make an empirical discovery in the world using a procedure, then that procedure will also lead to empirical discovery when carried out in the head. For instance if a person walks into a room and sees a partially completed jigsaw puzzle on the table, looks at the puzzle and leaves the room. The person then mentally rotates one of the pieces and discovers where it fits into the puzzle. They have discovered something new, where the piece fits in the jigsaw puzzle, but how has the person done this? Not by straightforward empirical discovery, they did not have the direct entry to the puzzle when they solved it, or if they might have remember it when they walk into the room, because they did not know where it fitted when they were in the room and Shepard Metzler, (1971) also in support of this work also is consistent with Clark (2010) statement.A number of studies have highlighted that our mind extends into the world in support of Clark and Chalmers (1998) Clark (2010) Kosslyn (200 6) Zhang and Patel (2006), (Baddeley, 1986 Smith and Jonides, 1997) (cited in Kosslyn 2006). In addition, Kosslyn argues that you are not restricted to whats in your head, but also includes things around you, including other people. Consequently, the self becomes distributed over other people who function as long term social prosthetic devices, cited in (Kosslyn 2006).Rupert (2004) developed a methodology for the hypothesis of extended cognition (HEC) which he called hypothesis of embedded cognition (HEMC), they are two divergent holds on cognitive scheme and their news report and their position in cognitive processing. HEC could more or less correspond to the viewpoint implemented by Clark (2008) those cognitive processes factually extends into the environment, while the traditional HEMC persists that cognitive organism is bound. According to the HEMC rely on cognitive processes, instead of being constituted by the external mechanism and strategy for cognition to happen without th e external cistron being a factual part of the cognitive process. Rupert (2010) opposes Clark (2010), but does not fully reject the HEC. Thus, the HEMC has further empirical support and descriptive expense than HEC (cited in Dahlback, Stjernberg, Kristansson and Skagerlund, 2010).A recent study by Dahlback et al (2010), reviews the hypothesis of the extended mind and in order for them to support Clark and Chalmers (1998), they conducted an empirical study. They developed a definition of what cognitive processes are and how to examine cognitive systems, for instance how external memory support is actually used in elderly peoples everyday life. The participants were quaternion elderly people with mild memory impairments and were diagnosed with Alzheimers disease, and some with a form of dementia. It was observe that one of the women kept the disposed plastic envelopes for the medicine she used and nip it on her kitchen table. The woman stated that the envelope is a way of reminding her that a home healthcare practitioner as visited her as she will not remember. Dahlback, et al. (2010), pointed out that the plastic envelop is part of the womans memory system from an active internal process, since an already existing material artefact is put to use to im attempt her memory, because they is no need to create a material artefact to improve the womans internal function any more. While Clark and Chalmers state that the mind can extend into the world through active externalism, that if process counts as cognitive when carried out in the head, then it could be also counted as cognitive when someone uses object as external memory via a notebook. Bs note were on the inside of her door, for her not to open the door for strangers, just like Otto, but Otto carries her own every were she goes.C uses a shopping list, because she forgets things all the time, while F has an appointment at podiatrist, which she has written and posted on her fridge, she then rewrites the note a nd the information has been combine up.Dahlback, et al. (2010), Clark and Chalmers (1998), the imagination of Otto is not as straightforward as they may think in real life. Hence external memory support in this condition is of question on how information finds its way into the external memory with participant Fs memory support functions. Dahlback et al (2010) concluded that extended mind hypothesis of Clark and Chalmers had been argued in isolation, for instance the hypothesis was not looked at in a wider theoretical framework surrounding all variety of cognition. In addition, the empirical debate has been lean be being limited to a few paradigms. Consequently, they supported Clark and Chalmers, but proposed alternative theoretical framework that operation Theory could be used to see the light some problems brought up in the debate.Activity Theory cognition is first and foremost organism centered and biologically evident in examples alternative from Clark and Chalmers, (1998). Hutchins (1995) argued that cognition is culturally and socially processed. The Activity Theory which is derived from Vygotskys (1978) cultural historical psychology, that the human mind is essentially associated to the interaction linked to the world and the human being. According to the Activity Theory, culture may not only be external which might have power over the human mind, instead is an underlying producing power that is an element of the extraordinarily manufacture of the mind. This finding is consistent with Clarks (2010) thesis, even though they have a different idea. Vygotsky (1978) is also debated Clark and Chalmers (1998) thesis, stating that the human mind is social in temperament that people are shaped by their language, how they are construed and by their culture as well, also that human beings live in a social and common world.Although they has been critics such as Adams and Aizawa (2001) claiming that there might be a crucial difference between a real extended c ognitive process where some external artifact in the world is element of an actual cognitive process and process that permit some process.They ask Clark a question why did the pencil think that 2 + 2 =4? And Clark answered because it was coupled with a mathematician.According to Adams and Aizawa (2010) in respond to Clarks answer they stated that, there were problems with Clarks extended mind hypothesis. They stated that Clark had no right explanation of the cognitive and the coupling report degenerateacy, so they made a theory prick of the cognitive, which may well prove that cognitive processes in fact are extended. Adams and Aizawa (2001) illustrated some artifact pencil and paper, in which they explain when using pen and paper and at the same time as carry out arithmetic which is rather difficult, the individual may not be able to work out the problem when using just their head and that the person needs to pass information onto the paper. They state that the paper and pen mer ely permitted a little cognitive process or else may be unattainable. While Menary (2010) feels that the mark of the cognitive is too limited.Adams and Aizawa (2010) propose an explanatory work, that cognition is constituted through underlying processes that involve non-derived content. They offer this in two ways, chemistry, and physics and by psychological laws. They stated that particular psychophysical laws, like Webers law, and psychological laws central memory formation and recall. Consequently they projected that the weight of empirical usher supports the view that, since an object is of conditional empirical fact, that there are some processes that are identifiable cognitive, which happened in the brain and cannot cross from the brain into the external world.Clark (2010) argued that Adams and Aizawas (2010) argument is not strong enough, mark of the cognition, that cognition should be noticed not by its causes, but by its effects, which means Clark is arguing for a differen t cognition science which is the coupling constitution fallacy.Nevertheless Adams and Aizawa (2010) believe that Clark cannot come understand the view they had that cognition is a fundamental processing concerning non-derived content. As a result their work did not provoke Clark to address the problem of the most widespread problems with extracranial and transcranial theories of tool use. According to them, Clark did not offer a response to the coupling constitution fallacy and he gives a hint at what he thinks distinguishes the cognitive from the non cognitive.In conclusion this essay has given an account of and the reasons for the widespread extended mind debate and the statement made by (Clark 2010, p. 18) that minds like ours can (without the need for any radically new techniques, technologies, or interventions) extend into the world. It is possible to state that external representation has shown an option to the classical thesis of Clark (2010) view of all cognition taking plac e in the head. In addition, how it can be practical to be of assistance in real-world problem solving and arrangement of tasks, hence it provides insight into the association between human internal and external worlds and the nature of the mind itself.moreover other researches such as Clark, 2003, Clark and Chalmers, 1998, Dennett, 1996, Donald, 1991, Hutchins 1995 (cited in Dartnall, 2005) state that, cognitive processes extend into the world when individuals use pen and paper to work something out or the use of a computer. These findings suggest that the statement made by Clark with reference to other literature on extended cognition has brought new areas to be looked into like the need of technologies.Finally, a number of important limitations need to be considered, first Adams and Aizawa (2010) (cited in Clark 2008) which were the ones who attempted to argue what was wrong with the extended mind hypothesis and Clark stated that they fall short to successfully undermine the argu ment for the extended mind, because it seems that everyone agreed with Clark, but also bring alternative explanations. However, Adams and Aizawa (2010) argued that Clark was not able to address their theory of the mark of the cognitive, on the other hand Clark and Chalmers attempt to tackle the pervasive coupling constitution fallacy and set out a reasonable theory of what differentiates the cognitive from the non cognitive. The statement made by Clark and Chalmers (1998) has thrown up many questions in need of further investigation with empirical evidence to support the statement.

The Factors that Lead to Instability of Commodity Price

The Factors that Lead to Instability of Commodity Price1.1 Background of the studyCommodity footing go away play the scrimping in some countries in the world. There are many calculate that do-nothing cause the unstableness of goodness terms. As we know goodness raise be classified as goods that demanded by the people. In the economic theory, if the demand higher than the supply it can cause shortage, if this is happen the economy in the countrified willing be instable. In the case of commodities, at that place are some(prenominal) technique to secure the price of commodity in secern to make received the price is stable. For example, change in exchanged rate, world political situation, swelling, global output, industrial deed and etc.1.2 Problem statementOver many years, there are many exploreers make an analysis about the fixings that guide to instability of commodity price. Most of them discover a different idea by dint of out their research about the instabi lity of commodity price. This is important to a country to know what is actually the cause of this factor. Therefore, a research must be conduct in order to know what is actually the factor that lead to instability of commodity price.1.3 Research objectivesThe research objectives of this research as followsTo determine the factor that lead to instability of commodity price.To know the relationship between the factors toward the commodity price.To identify the effect of commodity price.1.4 Scope and limitation of studyIn order to complete the research of the study, I have gathered trusted information from the internet. Few journals have been chosen to get some additional information. After that, in order to get what the objectives want of this study, secondary information have been chosen. The limitation of this study is to choose the best regularity that can conduct this research and it is voiceless to choose. There are methods can be used to know the factor that lead to instabil ity of commodity price.1.5 Significance of the problemBy doing analysis on this study, we can reduce the risk of increasing commodity price due to the economic crisis.besides, we can determine the signoificant variables that effecting the commodity price. This research also can possess advantages to government because they can control the commodity prce base on the economic condition.2.0 Literature ReviewCommodity can be defined as goods whereby it is demanded by the people. As we can see today, the price of commodity is now increasing. In my opinion, it may be due the cost of resources that is also increasing. Therefore, we can say that the price of commodity is determined wholly by the market function. Commodity goods are consists of sugar, crude oil, gold, rice and etc. When the value of commodity appends, the cost will increase as well.There are some reasons that lead to the instability of the price of commodity. Thus, I have build out few reasons from knowledgable person tha t lead to the instability of the priceof commodity. A study of Frankel Rose (2009), have shown that the price of commodity is cultivate by inflation and global output. It was found that the relationship between the commodity and both the inflation and global output is positive. In addition, the microeconomic variables also affect the commodity price. For example, inventories. Another evidence also shown that the inflation also influence the commodity price (Gospodinov Ng, 2010). After the unemployment gap and oil price being controlled, it was found that the price of 23 commodities were influenced by the inflation. Another study of Bower, Geis Winkler (2007), also shown that the inflation and exchange rate also influence the price of commodity. On the other hand, the study of Pindyck Rotemberg (1990), the macroeconomic shock influence the instability of price commodity, whereby, the industrial production and inflation will determine the future demand for commodity and will later affect the price of commodity. Thus, when the interest rate increase, the commodity price will decrease.However, the study of Bastourre, Carrera Ibarlucia (2007) have shown a different view on what affect the commodity price. This is because, in the long run the Argentina commodity price is influence by the real interest rate, real exchange rate of United States of America and the demand of raw tangibles. Other different view regarding instability of commodity price is influence by predictions of conditional variance and conditional expectations theories (Laroque, 1997). The global monetary conditions could also influenced the price of commodity whereby, in another study of Anzuin,Lombardi pagano(2010), it was found that the monetary policy shock gave impact to the instability of commodity price.In a different study of Wescott Hoffman (1999), it was found that the price of commodity as in corn and wheat were influenced by the agricultural policies, stockholding and government p ricing support. When the agricultural policy maker asked the producer to increase the price, then the commodity price need to be increased or vice versa.According to Lalonde, Zhu Demers (2003), it has shown that the world economic activity and the effective exchange rate of US dollar lead to influence the price of commodity. Thus, if the economic activity is active, it may lead to increase in commodity price. On the other hand, according to Tadesse Guttormsen (2010) the periodic price sceptre influence the instability of commodity price. When the price of threshold increase, the commodity price will increase as well.After viewing the resources, I found several factors that lead to the instability of commodity price. Those factors consist of inflation, exchange rate, interest rate, global output and more. After identifying all the factors, the theoretical theoretical account can be sketched. Thus, the method to be used can be indentified and hypotheses can be made after analyzing all the data.2.1 Theoretical frameworkInflationExchange Rate The factor that lead to instability of commodity priceInterest rateGlobal outputTheoretical framework is the part of the study including in research methodology. unremarkably the network of association can be more clear explained the entire variable in the study. If we look to the sketch above, there were independent variable on the left side and dependent variable on the right side. What is Independent and dependent variables? Independent is the variables that lend itself, and dependent vice versa. From the sketch of theoretical framework above, we can see that the independent variable consist of four, inflation, exchange rate, interest rate and global output. The dependent variable is the factor that lead to instability of commodity price.3.0 DATA METHODOLOGY3.1 IntroductionBy using the secondary data the factor that lead to instability of commodity price can be conducted. secondary winding data can be define as the d ata that already exist by the previous researcher. The data is consist of published and unpublished material such as journal, article and etc. Through the data base, the secondary data can be gained. Thus, the methods for this analysis are used to complete the objectives of the analysis.3.2 Data, population and sampling methodIn order to complete the research, the data can be collected from world bank and Bursa Malaysia. the population is data is collected for Malaysian only. It is because this research is on commodity price in Malaysia.In my opinion population is the group of people that lives together in certain area. The researcher can gain their information or data in that area in order to complete his research. For example, if the researcher want to investigate about academic dishonesty or plagiarism among the students in UiTM Sabah, he must collect the data from the population in UiTM Sabah only. On the other hand, this research is doing in Malaysia so that the data collecte d must be suitable because the data based on commodity price in Malaysia.Sampling method is divided into two which is probability sampling and non probability sampling. By using this sampling method, researcher can bowdlerise a lot of time doing research and also can cut cost.3.3 Analysis of dataTo estimate the data, the univariate modeling technique such as nave trend model, exponential smoofhing and lagragian model will be use.3.4 Hypothesis increaseThe hypothesis that can be concluded for this research is whether the dependent variable such as inflation, exchange rate, interest rate and global output will effect the instability of commodity price. The directional and the non directional hypothesis is the classification of hypothesis. The null and alternate hypothesis can either be rejected or accepted in accordance with the result from the test of the variables.3.5 SummaryBefore conducting a research, we have two element that have to be taken into good will that is the data a nd methodology. It is better to make sure the availability of data before one proceeds to do research. To gain an accurate result for a research we must use proper methods. When data is already gathered and analyzed, hypothesis can then be tested.